N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (NAG)

• INCI name: N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine
• Appearance: White crystalline or powder form
• Solubility: Freely soluble in water

Skin Benefits

N-Acetyl Glucosamine is one of the most multifunctional actives in cosmetic science — acting as a moisturizer, brightener, and anti-aging ingredient.

Skin Brightening: Inhibits glycosylation of tyrosinase and indirectly down-regulates melanin synthesis. Excellent for treating hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.

Moisturization: Serves as a precursor to hyaluronic acid in skin, boosting natural hydration and elasticity.

Barrier Repair: Enhances production of ceramides in the stratum corneum — improves barrier strength.

Anti-Aging: Promotes smoother, plumper skin by increasing natural HA levels and improving skin renewal.

Exfoliation Support: Gently promotes cell turnover without irritation (synergistic with AHAs).

Clinical studies show that a combination of 2% N-acetyl glucosamine + 4% niacinamide significantly reduces hyperpigmentation and improves skin tone in 8 weeks.

Cosmetic Use

Function: Skin brightener, moisturizer, barrier repair, anti-aging
Usage rate: 1–5 % (up to 10 % in advanced formulations)
Phase: Water phase (dissolves easily in distilled water)
Stability: stable across pH 4–8, temperature < 80 °C
Formulation type: Serums, lotions, creams, toners, essences

Formulation Tips

• Add to water phase or cool-down phase below 70 °C.
• Maintain pH between 5–7 for best stability and skin compatibility.
• Can crystallize if added at too high a concentration without proper hydration — dissolve fully in water before emulsifying.
• Avoid combining with strong acids or oxidizing agents because it may
  may degrade over time.