Glycerol Monostearate (GMS)

Glycerol monostearate (GMS) — also called glyceryl monostearate — is a non-ionic emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickening agent widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food.
It’s valued for creating smooth, stable emulsions and for imparting a luxurious, creamy texture to formulations.

• INCI name: Glyceryl Stearate or Glyceryl Monostearate
• Type: Non-ionic surfactant (does not carry a charge)
• Origin: Formed by esterification of glycerol and stearic acid (usually derived from plant oils such as palm or soy)
Appearance: White to off-white waxy flakes or powder
Solubility: Insoluble in water, dispersible in hot water/oil
Charge: Non-ionic
💧 Functions in Cosmetic Formulations
1. Emulsifier
• Helps blend oil and water phases to form stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions
• Often used with other emulsifiers (like cetearyl alcohol or polysorbates) for extra stability
2. Emulsion Stabilizer
• Prevents phase separation by reinforcing the interfacial film around oil droplets
3. Thickener / Viscosity Enhancer
• Adds body and creaminess to lotions and creams
4. Emollient
• Softens skin and improves its barrier function
• Provides a silky, smooth skin feel
•
Typical Cosmetic Applications
• Face and body lotions
• Creams (moisturizing, anti-aging, medicated)
• Hair conditioners and masks
• Deodorant sticks
• Ointments and pharmaceutical creams
• Usage Levels

Typical Use :
Lotions1–3%
Creams3–5%
Hair conditioners1–4%
Ointments3–10%
How to use:
• Add to the oil phase of the formulation.
• Heat both oil and water phases to ~70–75°C, combine under stirring, and homogenize.
• Cool while mixing until the emulsion stabilizes.
🌿 Benefits
✅ Non-ionic — compatible with most ingredients
✅ Improves product stability and viscosity
✅ Enhances spreadability and gives a velvety texture
✅ Derived from renewable natural oils
✅ Mild and suitable for sensitive skin
Limitations
Alone, it’s a weak emulsifier — often requires pairing with stronger emulsifiers (e.g., Cetearyl Alcohol, Polysorbate 60, or Stearic Acid)
High usage may lead to a waxy feel on skin
Insoluble in cold water (must be melted)