Gluconolactone

A fantastic multifunctional ingredient, used in both skincare and haircare for gentle exfoliation, hydration, and antioxidant protection.

INCI Name: Gluconolactone

Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) — a gentler cousin of AHAs (like glycolic or lactic acid).

It’s derived from gluconic acid, which in turn comes from the fermentation of glucose (often from corn or sugar).

When applied to the skin, it gradually hydrolyzes to release gluconic acid, providing mild exfoliating action without irritation.

Key Benefits

Function and Description

• Gentle exfoliation: Removes dead skin cells, improving texture and radiance without stinging or redness.
• Humectant: Attracts and retains moisture, helping to keep skin plump and hydrated.
• Antioxidant: Scavenges free radicals and helps protect against environmental stress.
• Barrier strengthening: Improves skin resilience and reduces sensitivity over time.
• Chelating agent Binds metal ions (like calcium and iron), enhancing product stability.

Properties

• Solubility: Water-soluble
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Recommended pH range: 3.5 – 5.5 (acidic formulations)
• Usage rate: 2 – 15% depending on product type
• Compatibility: Compatible with most actives, including niacinamide and hyaluronic acid
• Stability: Stable under normal cosmetic conditions; slow hydrolysis in water releases gluconic acid

Applications

• Exfoliating toners
• Brightening or resurfacing serums
• Hydrating creams and masks
• Anti-aging lotions
• Post-peel calming formulations
• Mild exfoliating cleansers
• Advantages Over AHAs
• Irritation risk: Very low
• Suitable for sensitive skin
• Strong humectant

Example of formulation: Gentle Exfoliating Toner (with Gluconolactone)

Ingredient

• Distilled Water 79.5%
• Gluconolactone 10.0%
• Glycerin 3.0%
• Sodium PCA 2.0%
• Niacinamide 3.0%
• Panthenol 1.0%
• Preservative 0.5%

Adjust pH (citric acid or NaOH) to 4.0–4.5

Procedure:

1. Dissolve Gluconolactone and other actives in water at room temperature.

2. Mix until uniform and clear.

3. Adjust pH to 4–4.5.

4. Bottle in an airtight container (light protection optional).

Result: A mild exfoliating toner that brightens, hydrates, and refines texture — suitable for daily use even on sensitive skin.